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Ethereum 
$2,500 co-founder Vitalik Buterin addresses the complex structure of the Ethereum network, which he asserts inflates development costs and increases security vulnerabilities. He recently unveiled a five-year roadmap advocating for a transition to a “leaner, more intuitive” protocol, akin to Bitcoin 
$103,658. This new model aims to empower developers, efficiently utilize the number of validators, and ensure high performance in zero-knowledge proofs. Market participants believe this strategic move might reposition Ethereum advantageously against competitors like Solana 
$169, Aptos, and Sui Network.
Simplicity in Consensus Mechanism
Buterin’s most notable proposal is the “3-slot finality” mechanism, which eliminates sync committees and validator rotations. With this approach, block validation concludes in just three time slots, negating the need for additional voting rounds. Consequently, the codebase becomes more streamlined, reducing the potential surface for errors. Developers can shift their focus from unnecessary integrations to core logic. Experts highlight that fewer moving parts translate to fewer unforeseen bugs, thus mitigating risks.
Simultaneously, validators will experience reduced hardware demands. Currently, nodes expend high bandwidth to keep up with ever-changing committees in each epoch. The streamlined flow introduced by 3-slot finality will facilitate participation even for operators with lower connection speeds. This will enhance the network’s geographical distribution and reduce centralization pressure.
Transition to RISC‑V and Flexible Fee Structures
Buterin suggests replacing the Ethereum Virtual Machine with a RISC‑V based open-source architecture. This “hardware-friendly” model may accelerate the compilation of zero-knowledge proofs, freeing developer teams from lengthy compilation times. Alongside this, a new gas fee formula is being considered to lower entry costs for small-scale applications. Consequently, even hobby projects can access the main network, disseminating innovation more broadly.
Despite critics arguing that “too much innovation carries too much risk,” Buterin emphasizes learning from past mistakes. The experienced developer advocates for incremental but solid improvements, akin to Bitcoin’s approach, rather than closing off to unnecessary features. If adopted, these proposals will bolster Ethereum’s long-term sustainability, advancing both developer experience and security layers to a new threshold.
