Japan’s House of Representatives has approved a landmark reform bill that could fundamentally reshape the way cryptocurrencies are regulated in the country. If enacted, the proposal will shift assets like Bitcoin, Ethereum, and XRP away from payment method regulations and instead bring them closer to the legal framework used for stocks and other financial products.
New classification and tax reform
The legislation now heads to the House of Councillors for final approval. Should it pass, the new framework is expected to take effect in 2027, with a dramatic reduction in the tax applied to crypto gains—from a top rate of 55 percent to a flat 20 percent—set to begin in 2028.
The bill places crypto assets under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act, allowing market rules similar to those for exchange-listed products to be applied to digital assets. This shift is designed to establish a clearer legal structure for both investors and exchanges.
According to the Financial Services Agency of Japan, crypto assets are increasingly being used as investment products by both domestic and international investors.
The Financial Services Agency also revealed that the number of crypto accounts opened in Japan has surpassed 14 million. Notably, about 70 percent of these accounts belong to users with an annual income below 7 million yen.
Under the current system, crypto gains are subject to progressive income tax rates, which can leave investors facing a steep tax burden. With the proposed flat 20 percent tax rate, the treatment of crypto profits would more closely resemble that of stock and bond investments.
Tighter market rules on the horizon
The reform package extends beyond taxation, introducing stricter oversight and sanctions. The maximum prison term for operating unlicensed crypto services could be increased from three to ten years, while fines may rise to as much as 10 million yen.
The bill also brings restrictions against insider trading. Company executives, exchange employees, and others with access to undisclosed information—such as upcoming listings, delistings, major trades, or business failures—will be prohibited from trading based on this inside knowledge.
The ruling Liberal Democratic Party noted that crypto ETFs could make it much easier for investors to access digital asset markets.
ETF potential and industry impact
The new framework could pave the way for crypto ETFs. Once digital assets are officially recognized as financial instruments, the process of reviewing and listing regulated investment products is expected to become more feasible. The Japan Exchange Group has reportedly started evaluating the listing of crypto-linked ETFs as early as 2027, provided the legal infrastructure is put in place.
Officials emphasize that these reforms are directly linked to the rising number of both individual and institutional investors entering the market. The government’s aim is to strike a balance—strengthening consumer protection while promoting innovative activities in Japan’s growing digital asset sector.
Japan has recently seen considerable expansion in its digital asset infrastructure. Major banks are gearing up for stablecoin projects, and firms such as SBI Holdings are scaling up their crypto trading and custody services, indicating a broad industry push into the sector.
