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Bhutan is embarking on a digital transformation, migrating its National Digital Identity (NDI) system from the Polygon network to the Ethereum 
$3,430 blockchain. Spanning over its 800,000 residents, this strategic move aims to bolster the security and efficiency of accessing government services. Security is a key concern for Bhutan, given the vulnerabilities associated with centralized databases. Leveraging Ethereum’s decentralized infrastructure is expected to offer Bhutan an enhanced layer of security.
Why Opt For Ethereum?
Transitioning to Ethereum’s blockchain allows Bhutan to capitalize on the public ledger’s robust security features. Utilizing a public blockchain can potentially mitigate risks like hacking and data breaches, common challenges for centralized systems. Bhutan initially launched its NDI project on the Polygon network in August 2024. This current migration is viewed as a logical progression to ensure further advancement in its digital identity strategic plan.
Bhutan distinguishes itself as the first nation globally to integrate its national ID system fully onto a public blockchain platform. The transition, expected to complete by the first quarter of 2026, aims to empower citizens with a self-sovereign identity framework. Ethereum Foundation President Aya Miyaguchi expressed her enthusiasm, noting,
“It’s deeply inspiring to see a nation commit to empowering its citizens with self-sovereign identity.”
What Does This Mean for Citizens?
For the citizens of Bhutan, the shift introduces a new era of digital identity verification. Once fully implemented, residents can securely verify their identities and conveniently access various government services. This move is instrumental in reducing administrative burdens and streamlining processes, thus enhancing overall service delivery.
The project also saw collaboration between notable figures such as Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin, Bhutan’s Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay, and Crown Prince Jigme Namgyel Wangchuk. Their presence at the launch ceremony highlights the importance of this migration for Bhutan’s national identity framework. Aya Miyaguchi further stated,
“It signifies a notable commitment towards decentralized technology’s potential to serve society.”
Through this initiative, Bhutan illustrates its commitment to integrating advanced technology into its national strategies. By shifting to a public and open blockchain system, the country aims to enhance transparency and trust within its governmental infrastructure. While challenges remain, the benefits of reinforced security and efficiency give Bhutan an edge in the rapidly evolving digital world.
Given the growing need for digital solutions worldwide, Bhutan’s move may serve as a case study for other nations considering blockchain-based national identity systems. Understanding the potential benefits and pitfalls will be essential to effectively employing such innovations. As more countries explore digital identity avenues, Bhutan’s approach may offer valuable insights into sustainable and secure solutions.
