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Increasing transaction volumes and user numbers on blockchain networks lead to congestion and high fees. To alleviate these issues, Layer-2 solutions offer alternative infrastructures above main blockchains. Many networks, particularly Ethereum 
$1,803, enhance transaction speed with systems like Optimism and Arbitrum, while platforms like Polygon capture attention through real-world applications. Experts emphasize that these technologies could shape the future of the cryptocurrency ecosystem.
How Do Layer-2 Solutions Work?
Layer-2 technology fundamentally relies on processing transactions on side channels, relieving the main blockchain of the workload. This approach reduces approval times and lowers costs. For instance, state channels allow users to conduct numerous transactions based on a specific balance without reflecting them on the main network, while rollup systems group transaction data and send it to the main chain at once, optimizing storage space.
Advancements in Ethereum and Other Networks
Since 2020, Ethereum has focused on scalability issues by adopting layer-2 solutions. The transition to the Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism with Ethereum 2.0 offers a compatible infrastructure with rollup systems like Arbitrum and Optimism, reducing transaction fees by up to tenfold and enhancing network usability.
Polygon stands out in the cryptocurrency ecosystem with its multiple layer-2 solutions. Projects like AAVE and Decentraland leverage Polygon’s low-cost infrastructure to reach thousands of users. Meanwhile, competing networks like Solana 
$150 and Avalanche are also developing similar technologies, and experts predict this competition will accelerate the adoption of blockchain technology.
