Japan has placed a sweeping reform of cryptocurrency regulations on its agenda. According to an analysis by XWIN Research Japan, the proposed change seeks to remove crypto assets from the scope of the Payment Services Act and bring them under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. This shift reflects the growing perception in the market that cryptocurrencies are seen less as means of payment and increasingly as investment vehicles.
Scope of the regulation is expanding
XWIN Research Japan, a Japan-based research institution, emphasizes that this is far more than a technical legal update. Instead, it signals a key stage in integrating digital assets into Japan’s broader financial system. Under the new framework, crypto assets would be treated as a distinct category of financial products.
According to XWIN Research Japan, this transition marks the start of a new era for digital assets, positioning them within Japan’s wider financial ecosystem and moving beyond the realm of mere technical regulatory amendments.
The company notes that, following the approval of spot Bitcoin ETFs in the US, institutional ownership has surged. This has pushed Bitcoin further into mainstream asset management structures. The Japanese proposal could offer similar new opportunities for institutional investors while also subjecting crypto assets to obligations more akin to those for traditional securities.
Unique responsibilities in DeFi under spotlight
In decentralised finance (DeFi), the situation grows more complex. The latest assessment suggests lawmakers are likely to focus not on uniform rules for all DeFi activities, but on parties that exercise practical control or influence over users. This could mean the creation of distinct areas of responsibility for protocol developers, interface operators, wallet providers, decentralised autonomous organizations (DAOs), and token issuers.
Mini glossary: DeFi refers to financial applications operating on blockchains without intermediaries. DAO describes a digital organizational structure where decisions are governed by token holders or community mechanisms instead of traditional company management.
For DeFi, one-size-fits-all rules are not expected. Instead, emphasis is likely to be placed on identifying who directs or materially influences user activity.
Nonetheless, the current draft law does not directly regulate individual custody solutions or many dimensions of DeFi. These areas are expected to be clarified later through secondary regulations and formal guidance. This implies the reform establishes a broad framework, but detailed application rules still need to be finalized.
Legislative process and timeline clarified
The timeline for the regulation has also come into focus. The cabinet approved the bill on April 10. The draft then passed the House of Representatives on June 11 and now awaits review in the House of Councillors.
| Stage | Date |
|---|---|
| Cabinet approval | April 10 |
| House of Representatives approval | June 11 |
| Expected enforcement | 2027 |
According to the current plan, the reforms are anticipated to come into effect in 2027. Observers believe this overhaul could reshape both institutional attitudes toward the crypto market and the legal landscape for Japan’s DeFi ecosystem.
